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Operations · v1.3 · 8 Oct 2026

Large-scale conference operations playbook

Offline events · multi-entity · tickets & currencies · on-site · close & comply

How to use it: nothing here is sequential. Each topic stands alone — use the phase guide below to jump, and hand single topics to the people who run them.

Three marks recur. Colour tells you the phase. ≈ marks a converted figure — read-only, always dated, never what anyone is paid. A time without a timezone is venue-local; everything else carries its zone.

Where the law appears — pricing mechanics on Pricing mechanics, and everything in Comply — it is a summary for operators, current to 8 Oct 2026, and not legal advice.

The playbook in brief

A free, phase-by-phase manual for teams running large offline conferences across legal entities, currencies and time zones, from the first brief to the closed books. Nine rules it keeps coming back to:

  • Five decisions lock early and cost a great deal to move: the settlement entity, the pricing currency, tax and place of supply, the ticket categories and the time zone of record. Give each one an owner at kick-off.
    Five decisions you cannot reverse →
  • The price floor is fixed costs divided by paying attendance, plus variable cost per head. Count paying attendees only, and model refunds as a cost line: the payment fee does not come back.
    The price floor →
  • Each event settles to the legal entity that sold it, in its own currency. A group total is a converted, dated, read-only view that nobody is ever paid.
    Which entity settles which event →
  • The programme sets the arrival peak. Open registration ninety minutes before the first session, give people a reason to arrive early, and let exhibitors and VIPs in ahead of the general audience.
    The programme sets your arrival peak →
  • Give every channel its own link and judge it on four numbers: link opens, registrations, approved and paid, checked in.
    One link per source →
  • Size the door against the peak: arrivals in the peak window ÷ (window in minutes × 3 per lane per minute), rounded up, plus one spare lane. 4,000 attendees with 55% arriving in 45 minutes need 18 lanes.
    Size the door against the peak →
  • The queue is not caused by the scanner but by badge collection. Split walk-ups at the entrance, put the bag table downstream, and add lanes and hands before hardware.
    The floor plan →
  • Close the counts within 24 hours and the money within 48, against one written definition of attendance.
    Close the counts within 24 hours →
  • Since 2 Aug 2026 the EU AI Act's transparency rules apply: an AI assistant, generated imagery or a synthetic voice has to be disclosed to attendees at first exposure. The rule follows the attendee, so an organiser outside the EU running an EU event is in scope. A summary, not legal advice.
    What you must disclose →
01
Phase 01

Define

T−12 to T−8 weeks

Five answers that cost nothing now and a great deal in week eleven.

04 · Phase 01 · Define

Five decisions you
cannot reverse

DecisionLocked byCost if it movesOwner
Settlement entityFirst saleRefund and re-issue every order
Pricing currencyPublishingPrices move under buyers
Tax and place of supplyFirst invoiceCorrections across two tax years
Ticket categoriesBadge sign-offReprint, and rebuild every access rule
Time zone of recordSchedule publishedSpeakers arrive an hour out
Do this

Fill the owner column and put it in the kick-off pack. Every row is cheap this week.

05 · Phase 01 · Define

The price floor

Break-even
fixed ÷ paying + variable

Fixed costs divided by paying attendance, plus variable cost per head. Paying attendance, not attendance — speakers, staff, press and guests eat and pay nothing.

A refund returns the whole ticket price, and the payment fee does not come back with it. Model refunds as a cost line, not as reversed revenue.

Two fees get confused. The payment fee goes to your payment provider; Stripe publishes its rates at stripe.com/pricing. A platform fee is what a ticketing platform takes on top. bagevent takes none: 0% on every plan. Compare the two in the ticket fee calculator.

Fixed
  • Venue, stage, AV
  • Speaker travel and hosting
  • Marketing and production
  • Staff, security, insurance
Per head
  • Catering, badge, bag
  • Payment fees — to your payment provider
  • Platform fee — where your ticketing platform charges one
Order

Floor first, then position, then price.

06 · Phase 01 · Define

Which entity settles
which event

EventEntityAccountStatusRevenue
Corvess Berlin Forum
12–13 Mar 2026 · CET
Corvess GmbH Stripe · EUR settled €58,200
Corvess Singapore Summit
4 Jun 2026 · SGT
Corvess Pte Stripe · SGD settled S$96,400
Corvess New York Roadshow
23 Sep 2026 · EDT
Corvess LLC Stripe · USD pending $142,800
No pooled balance

Nothing is held in transit between the attendee and your account.

Refunds stay home

Back to the company that took the money. No inter-company balance.

Each closes alone

The German accountant does not wait for New York.

Group view

≈ $280,400, converted at the mid-market rate of 5 Sep 2026. Read-only. Nobody is ever paid it.

07 · Phase 01 · Define

One ticket, four
currency decisions

LayerDecidesExampleSet byDefect
PricingWhat the buyer is quoted€890Per ticket typeDerived from a live rate
SettlementWhat lands in the bankEURThe owning entityConverted before it lands
TaxWhat the invoice declares19% DE VATPlace of supplyFollows the card country
DisplayWhat head office reads≈ $1,041A view, with rate and dateShown as if it were a balance
Watch

Converting at settlement instead of at display. The entity receives a figure it never agreed to.

08 · Phase 01 · Define

The one number

ObjectiveThe numberCapture on the dayOr else
Lead generationQualified conversationsStand and session scansA list with no interest signal
RetentionAttendance by accountCheck-in matched to CRMNobody can prove who came
RevenueNet per entityOrder-level settlementFinance rebuilds it by hand
Sponsor deliveryFootfall and leadsZone scans per sponsorRenewal becomes an argument
BrandWho came, not how manySeniority at registrationOnly a headcount survives
Do this

Write the number and its capture point into the kick-off pack, next to the owner column from Five irreversible decisions.

02
Phase 02

Build

T−10 to T−6 weeks

Venue, date, programme, speakers, tickets. Everything here has a price and a deadline.

09 · Phase 02 · Build

Venue survey

Confirm on site
  • Privacy and exclusivity — who else is in the building that week
  • Grade — star rating, and what the audience expects
  • Availability — across the whole window, including build days
  • Transport — from the airport, at the hours people land
  • Catering — standard, and cost per head
  • Floor area, ceiling height, load-in
  • Rental price — and what it excludes
Capacity by layout

Theatre seats the most · classroom about half of theatre · banquet low and wide.

Herringbone for workshops · reception standing · U-shape for negotiation · boardroom closed.

Quoted capacity is usually theatre. Confirm the layout you need, in writing.

Watch

Classroom needs roughly twice the floor of theatre for the same headcount.

10 · Phase 02 · Build

The programme sets
your arrival peak

800600400200 −60−30doors+30+60 Keynote opening Soft open with coffee
Open early

Registration ninety minutes before the first session.

Give a reason

Something worth arriving early for, in that window.

Stagger

Exhibitors and VIP ahead of the general audience.

Illustrative

4,000 attendees, 15-minute buckets. Same crowd, same venue — the peak roughly doubles.

11 · Phase 02 · Build

The speaker letter

Cover in the letter
  • Dress code — and that you will tell everyone the same thing
  • Transfers — met by whom, with a phone number
  • Screen — ratio and resolution
  • Autocue — available, and whether they want it
  • Seating off stage — and who sits next to them
  • Weather — and the distance from hotel to stage
New clause for 2026

Any chance you will translate, dub or clip the talk with AI? Get written agreement at invitation stage.

Asking afterwards means refusing something already made — and the disclosure duty on What you must disclose applies to whatever you publish.

Establish first

Their published position · present, panel, award or Q&A · who has already accepted.

12 · Phase 02 · Build

Ticket categories are
an identity system

CategoryUnlocksInvoiceTrap
AttendeeMain programmeStandardPrice tiers modelled as categories
VIPReserved seat, own laneStandard or compPromised by email, not on the badge
SpeakerGreen room, all sessionsNoneAdded after access rules exist
ExhibitorEarly access, lead scanningTo the exhibitorHours nobody told the door
StaffAll areasNoneAgency given the client's badge
PressAccredited areasNoneEmbargo never recorded
SponsorContracted allocationTo the sponsorTracked in the contract only
CustomWhatever the contract inventedCase by caseAbsent — so Press absorbs it
Watch

Without a Custom category, somebody issues Press badges to a delegation.

13 · Phase 02 · Build

Pricing mechanics

Fine
  • Early bird — with a real, enforced deadline
  • Stepped pricing — on published dates
  • Group discounts — 10+ for budget buyers, 2–3 for reach
  • VIP and invitation-only tiers — an invited price replaces a promo code, never stacks with it
  • Real allocations — if there are 60 seats, say 60
Now a problem

Resetting timers · decorative scarcity counts · exit-intent popups · confirm-shaming · prices that differ by who is looking.

In several platforms these are ticket types in the data model, not a front-end setting. The Digital Fairness Act proposal — The audit — targets exactly this list.

Test

Could an attendee see how the mechanic works and still think it fair?

03
Phase 03

Sell

T−8 to T−1 weeks

Every registration should arrive already knowing where it came from.

15 · Phase 03 · Sell

Approval has three
seats, not one

SeatCan doCannot do
InviterSubmit or forward; sees own list onlySee other lists, approve their own
ReviewerApprove or decline; holds the quotaChange the quota, act across teams
AdministratorFinal confirmation; sees every entityApprove a name the reviewer has not seen
Settle before the first invitationThe rule to write down
Two reps, one prospectWho keeps the credit, and who rules on a dispute. Decided once, not per deal
A free seatAlways goes to a reviewer. Nobody approves their own invitee
A request nobody answersPasses to a named person after a fixed number of days
Why the quota

Without it, the best-known client gets four invitations to the same dinner and declines all of them.

16 · Phase 03 · Sell

Four messages carry
the registration

MessageSendsContainsAnswers
ConfirmedOn approvalReference, e-ticket, calendar fileDid it go through
Pending or declinedWhen the reviewer acts, or at 48 hoursThe state, and what happens nextAm I in
Doors open soon60 min before startEntrance, lane, what to bringWhere do I go
Not yet arrived5–20 min after startLocation, and the cut-off timeStill reachable
The line

These four are contract performance. Save-the-dates are marketing, and need consent. So does any survey that promotes something; the feedback survey on Feedback asks about the event only.

17 · Phase 03 · Sell

When an agent fills
the form

You assumedNowDo instead
A human read the criteriaAnswers are complete, plausible, sometimes inventedVerify at approval or payment
The campaign tag survivesNo referrer; partners show as directLean on checked-in, not clicks
The registrant is the attendeeWeaker than it was — and the door is where it showsConfirm to the attendee's own address
Blocking bots protects youIt refuses a real assistant's agentMark valid but unverified; do not block
Do this

Look at your own logs for missing referrers before forming a view.

18 · Phase 03 · Sell

What you owe sponsors

Agree before the event
  • Allocation — as its own ticket category, not comped by hand
  • A named contact — who is not running the door
  • Lead capture — device, consent and data owner agreed
  • Stand hours and rights — given to the door team in writing
  • What you will report — and when
  • Logo and naming — checked against the contract
The one that decides renewal

Agree the reporting format before the event.

A sponsor who gets a number they did not expect will discount it. One who agreed the definition will quote it internally for a year.

Watch

Allocations tracked only in the contract are discovered on the morning.

04
Phase 04

Run

On-site

The day itself. Every page here is something you can hand to a volunteer who arrived an hour ago.

19 · Phase 04 · Run

Briefing and shift plan

Cover thisHow longLed byWhen
Scripts, posture, escalation30 minEvent leadDay before, 15:30
Device and system, hands on60 minTechnical leadDay before, 16:00
Spot check — everyone scans once15 minSupervisorEnd of the hands-on session
Group chat live, all points—CoordinatorDay before, 14:00
Shift plan issued, by name—CoordinatorDay before, 18:00
Materials counted in at each point—Point leadDay before, by 20:00

Need the sheets to hand out? The check-in lane calculator exports a free Excel manual built from your numbers: a dated countdown, a lane-by-lane staffing sheet, the kit list, volunteer scripts and an exceptions sheet for every desk.

The rule

Nobody who missed the briefing works the door. An unavoidable replacement gets a short re-brief before the shift, from the supervisor who will stand next to them. All times venue-local.

20 · Phase 04 · Run

Size the door
against the peak

18
Lanes required
2,200 ÷ (45 × 3) = 16.3 → 17 → +1 spare = 18
Attendance4,000
In the peak window55% → 2,200
Window45 min
Per lane, per minute3
Window cut to 30 min26 lanes

Run your own numbers in the free check-in lane calculator. It allows about 25 seconds a person, greeting included, so it sizes more generously than the 3 a minute used here, which is a pre-printed badge handed over without a word.

The spare

One lane's kit will fail. The eighteenth is the lane you open without moving anybody.

21 · Phase 04 · Run

Six lanes,
not one queue

LaneForNeedsHow many
Pre-registeredTicket held, badge printableScanner, printer, a pair of handsThe formula, Size the door against the peak
Walk-upNo ticket, or a questionForm, payment, print, a supervisorOwn desk, off the flow
VIP and pressMet by a hostBadges held by nameOne desk per cluster
ExhibitorsIn before public doorsDifferent hours and rightsOpens earlier
Registered, unpaidSigned up, never paidCard terminal, and a way back into the laneOne desk, next to walk-up
GroupsOne leader, many badgesA table and a manifestBooked into a slot
The marshal

Pull walk-ups out before they reach a scanner. One in a pre-registered lane costs more than the next ten people.

22 · Phase 04 · Run

The floor plan

Entrance signage splits the flow Walk-up registration Scan positions one marshal per four lanes Badge collection the constraint Into the hall Bag and lanyard downstream, off the lane
Upstream

Signage before the queue sorts people while they walk.

In the lane

Scan, confirm, release. Nothing over five seconds.

Downstream

Bag, lanyard and questions, off to one side.

Two decisions

Split walk-ups at the entrance, not the desk. Put the bag table downstream. Neither costs budget.

23 · Phase 04 · Run

Who stands where

Roles
  • Scanner operator — one per lane
  • Badge handler — one per lane, two on the busiest
  • Queue marshal — one per four lanes
  • Walk-up desk — one per desk
  • Supervisor — one per cluster
  • Technical lead — one, and only one
Cover the peak, not the day
90 min

Two thirds of the team is needed for about ninety minutes. Book that, pay the overlap, and brief every role together in one room.

Design for the volunteer

If a role needs more than ten minutes of training, it will be done wrong under load.

24 · Phase 04 · Run

What to say at the desk

MomentSay thisThen
Greet“Do you have your QR code, or shall I look you up by name?”Look up before they reach you
Verify“Could you spell your surname for me?”Spell it back. Never guess
Issue“Here is your badge, Ms Ortega.”Say the name once
Direct“Hall 2 — straight ahead, then right.”Open hand, not a finger
Not found“Let me check one spelling — and could you scan this code?”Point at the on-site code
Name wrong“Let me correct that and reprint it.”In the system, not by pen
Declined“The organiser's desk behind me can explain.”Never give the reason
Someone else's badge“I can only release it to the person named on it.”Escalate; do not decide
Never

Read out another attendee's details · confirm whether a named person is attending · promise a room or an invoice change · take cash · let anyone photograph the screen.

25 · Phase 04 · Run

When the network fails

Desk PC hosts the hotspot holds the local list Phone · channel 1 Phone · channel 2 Phone · channel 3 Printer · channel 1 Printer · channel 3 Printer · channel 2 · jammed Second desk · peer sync Cloud · when the link returns
Phones bind to a channel

Not to a printer — so a jam reroutes instead of orphaning three devices.

Three channels per desk

A deliberate ceiling. Beyond it, one failure takes down too much door.

Local first, cloud second

Desks reconcile with each other, then upstream when the link returns.

Four rules

Offline state permanently on screen · undo for ten seconds without a supervisor · success you can hear · one task per screen.

26 · Phase 04 · Run

Gates and session control

WhereGate lanesManual fallbackStaffRule
Main hall entrance3, each in and out1 in, 1 out2 on gates, 2 scanningAlways staff a manual lane
Breakout, capacity capped—11 at the doorA phone is enough below 300 seats
Breakout, open——1 roamingCapture only, never block
Exhibition zone——Fixed tabletNo blocking, no queue
Catering and gala—11 per service pointEntitlement, not attendance
Name every capture point the same way

day / venue / session / start / room — D1 / Hall C / S1 / 14:00 / E303. Closed sessions carry the same shape, so the export sorts.

27 · Phase 04 · Run

Capture beyond
the door

WhereAnswersDeviceBlocksStaff
Main entranceArrived, and whenDesk scanner and printerYesWho stands where
Track doorsWhich sessionsOne phone per doorIf cappedOne each
Exhibition zonesWhich part of the floorTablet at the mouthNoNone
StandsWhich exhibitorThe exhibitor's deviceNoThe exhibitor's
WorkshopsCapacity enforcementPhone at the doorYesOne each
Catering and galaEntitlementPhone at the service pointYesOne each
Data rule

Only the ticket identifier crosses the venue network. Names stay on the desk that issued the badge — Attendee data.

28 · Phase 04 · Run

Rooms, catering
and transfers

  • Check in first, allocate after — a delegate with no room yet still gets a badge
  • One team owns rooms — and it is not the check-in desk
  • Room changes and upgrades — go to that team, never to a volunteer
  • Meal entitlement reads from the badge — not from a separate list
  • Catering devices switch code daily — and upload at the end of each day
  • Shuttle times printed at every desk — including the last departure
The boundary to state out loud

The check-in desk allocates a room only when the system does it automatically.

Everything else — a change, a specific floor, a late arrival, a no-show release — belongs to the accommodation team. Without that line, the attendee is sent back and forth between two desks.

Transfers

Volunteers are asked about the shuttle more than about anything else. Put the timetable on the desk, not in the app.

29 · Phase 04 · Run

Failures and authority

If this happensThe operatorWho decides
Venue link downCarries on; checks the count clears laterNobody
Printer jamClears it, releases held jobsNobody
Wrong person scannedUndo, rescanAnyone on the door
Already checked inDecides on the spot; both records keptAnyone on the door
No ticket at allRecords whySupervisor
Session fullTurn away, standing, or overflow roomSupervisor
Stop scanning entirelyRecords start and end timeEvent lead
At the briefing

Name the trigger for the last row, not the feeling. The event lead should be reachable in ten seconds — and should not be scanning.

05
Phase 05

Close

T+1 to T+14 days

Two closes in forty-eight hours, counts then money, and the debrief inside a week. Skipping the first turns the rest into arguments.

30 · Phase 05 · Close

Close the counts
within 24 hours

  • Pending sync at zero — on every desk
  • Duplicates resolved — each with a named decision
  • Walk-ups matched to orders
  • Session counts against capacity
  • No-shows separated from bad contact data
  • One attendance definition, written down
The definition problem

A scan at the entrance, a scan anywhere, and a steward marking present are three different numbers.

Pick one. Put it at the top of the report. Use the same one next year. Sponsors will quote it for three years.

Assign

One person owns this close, and it is not the person who ran the door.

31 · Phase 05 · Close

Close the money
within 48 hours

StepCheckCommon failure
Payout per entityOrders in that currency match the payoutA converted figure taken as the payout
Refunds assignedEach sits with the company that took the moneyAn inter-company balance
Invoices issuedIn each country's formatOne template across three jurisdictions
Sponsor allocationsDelivered against the contractDiscovered at renewal
Suppliers paidVenue, AV, catering, staffingA late invoice after close
Variance noteBudget against actualSkipped — and it wins the next brief
Why it works

Nothing was pooled, so nothing has to be unpicked — Which entity settles which event.

32 · Phase 05 · Close

The debrief

  • Result — met, missed or exceeded. One line
  • Decomposition — topic, price, date, channels, location
  • Cause — each with evidence
  • Change — each with an owner and a date
Three tiers

Small things the same day · multi-city after each city · everything within a week.

The most common finding — we do not know which channels worked. That is One link per source, not done.

Order

Result first. A debrief that opens with methodology is a debrief nobody finishes.

33 · Phase 05 · Close

Sign-off and archive

  • Acceptance in the room — before you leave the venue
  • Numbers handed over within 48 hours — sponsors separately
  • Contract discharged — with finance and procurement
  • Both sides settled — invoices raised, suppliers paid
  • Team appraised — and the project marked closed
Archive

Plan · attendee list · inventory · speaker decks and releases · photography with rights · coverage · final report.

Could somebody who was not there find last year's floor plan in five minutes? If not, it is storage, not an asset.

Why it matters

For an agency, the event ending is not the engagement ending. This is where margin is quietly lost.

34 · Phase 05 · Close

Feedback

AskWhenOf whomWhy then
Two questions on the badgeAt the exitEveryone leavingThe highest response rate all year
Six questions, maximumWithin 48 hoursAll attendeesAfter that, memory becomes narrative
Session ratingsEnd of each sessionThat room onlyLater, it measures the speaker's fame
Sponsor reviewWithin a weekThe named contact, by phoneA form collects politeness
Client reviewSeparatelyThe person who signsTheir concerns are not the attendees'
Keep it short

Six questions is the ceiling, and all six are about this event. Add an offer or a next-event pitch and it becomes marketing, which needs consent (Four messages carry the registration).

06
Phase 06

Comply

Applies from 2 Aug 2026

What changed in 2026, and the audit that takes an afternoon.

35 · Phase 06 · Comply

What you must disclose

What you doOwns itDisclosureWhere
An assistant answers questionsProvider builds, you configureA line in the first messageSite and app
Generated imageryProvider marks, you publishMachine-readable mark, plus a visible creditCampaign
A recap that manipulates real speakersYouProminent, on first view, inside the videoPost-event film
Synthetic voice or dubbingYouStated before playbackMultilingual replay
Inferring how the room feelsYouTold to the people exposed, before exposureAudience analytics
Scope

The rule follows the attendee, not the company. A Singapore organiser running a Berlin event is in scope. Summary, not legal advice.

36 · Phase 06 · Comply

The audit

  • List every AI touchpoint
  • Mark provider or deployer against each
  • Check first-exposure disclosure exists — against the Commission guidelines of 20 Jul 2026
  • Check anything republished after 2 Aug 2026
  • Confirm speaker agreements cover voice and likeness
  • Check the ticket page for resetting timers
  • Name the owner, set a review date
Dates
  • 19 Jun 2026CRD online-interface amendments apply
  • 20 Jul 2026Commission guidelines on Article 50 adopted
  • 2 Aug 2026AI Act Article 50 applicable
  • 2 Dec 2026Marking deadline for systems on the market before 2 Aug
  • Q4 2026Digital Fairness Act proposal expected

Summary only, not legal advice.

The point

The organisers who have a bad quarter used AI in four places and can name two.

37 · Phase 06 · Comply

Attendee data

QuestionDesign for this answer
What crosses the venue networkThe ticket identifier, nothing else
Where names and contacts liveOn the desk that issued the badge
What a stranger learns from a badgeNothing about its holder
How long you keep the listA period decided in advance
Who can export itNamed people, logged
What sponsors receiveWhat the attendee consented to
Who appears in the attendee directoryOnly those who chose to be found; contact details after they accept
Before registration opens

Lawful basis, retention period and who it is shared with — on the form, not in a policy nobody opens.

© 2026 BagEvent Pte Ltd · Licensed under CC BY-ND 4.0 — share and reprint with attribution, no modifications.

All companies, events, people and figures shown are fictional.

Where the law appears — pricing mechanics on Pricing mechanics, and everything in Comply — it is a summary for operators, current to 8 Oct 2026, and not legal advice.

© 2026 BagEvent Pte Ltd · Licensed under CC BY-ND 4.0 — share and reprint with attribution, no modifications.